The pituitary gland controls a number of bodily processes and is crucial in maintaining a healthy balance of hormones in the body. About the size of a pea or cherry, it is a protrusion near the base of the brain. The gland is located about in the centre of the head, level with the eyes, in a tiny bony cavity of the skull. The pituitary gland, together with the hypothalamus, which is a component of the diencephalon region of the brain, regulates the involuntary nervous system. The nervous system's portion that controls body temperature, heart rate, urine, sleep, hunger, and thirst also regulates the body's use of energy, heat, and water. In addition, the pituitary gland generates a variety of hormones that either control the majority of the body’s other hormone glands or directly influences a number of organs. The bulk of pituitary hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, also called the adenohypophysis. The hypothalamus's releasing hormones regulate how it behaves. Instead of producing its own hormones, the neurohypophysis in the posterior lobe releases two hormones that are first made in the nuclei of the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland's primary job is to make hormones that control a wide range of essential bodily processes and activities, including metabolism, growth, sexual development, reproduction, blood pressure, and many other important bodily processes and functions. The gland secretes hormones that have an impact on almost all bodily systems.

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